Many people designate the master branch as their official branch for their codebase, but that is left to you to decide. ![]() From Git’s perspective, the master branch is just like any other branch, and it does not even need to hold the master copy of your project. The master branch is not special in any way or has any superpowers. The default branch name is master (or main). In Git, we are always working on a branch. If we make changes on one branch, they do not impact the other branches until we merge or integrate the changes. Git Branches allow us to create separate contexts where we can try new things or even work on multiple ideas in parallel without risking the codebase. Think of branches as alternative timelines. Git Branches allow us to work on different versions of our code simultaneously. When working on a project, we add features as we progress on it, and sometimes those features break our layout or code that was functioning without issues up to that moment if we work on a single branch. But Git is a far more powerful tool that allows us to do more than just that. However, we’re used to adding files and committing changes with just a few commands, and in this way, we take snapshots of our work to which we’re able to travel back if needed. It’s a complex tool, too, and it’s often not very intuitive, but it’s extremely powerful, and it can sometimes become intimidating. Git is a fundamental tool that developers use daily to manage our project’s source code and track its changes. Step 7 − Now commit the changes and display the history. Step 6 − We are deciding to keep both the changes so we modify the file manually by keeping only the contents and removing the divider "=" notation, and the separators "> feature". Now we need to decide whether we need to keep the first half or the second half or both the changes. The first half of the divider contains the separator "> feature" which means the contents are from the second branch - feature. The output screen shows a divider with the "=" notation. The second line will be considered from both the branches. Step 5 − Check the contents of the file hello.txt $ cat hello.txtįrom the contents of the file, it is clear that the first line is unchanged. We would need to interfere manually to complete the merging process. The output shows that the branch is now in an intermediate state of merging as the automatic merging has failed due to the conflict. $ MINGW64 /e/tut_repo (master)ĬONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in hello.txtĪutomatic merge failed fix conflicts and then commit the result. Step 4 − We will now try to merge the changes from the feature branch to the master branch. Step 3 − Now switch to the master branch and perform a new commit by adding a new line to hello.txt. Switch to the feature branch and create a new commit by editing the second line in the hello.txt file. ![]() Initialized empty Git repository in E:/tut_repo/.git/ Step 1 − Create a repository with initial commit with the hello.txt file. Let us see this in action to understand the merge conflict. So, it will prompt us to confirm if we would like to keep only changes from the mater branch, or keep changes only from the feature branch or keep the changes from both feature and master branches. This is well understood that git will not be able to determine which commit to maintain as the second line is different in each commit. When we try to merge the changes from feature branch to the master branch, we will encounter a Merge Conflict error as shown in the second diagram. Each commit has modified the same line in the file. After the initial commit, the branches have diverged as they have separate commits. The file hello.txt, initially, contains a line Hello. The diagram given below shows two branches master and feature. In such scenarios we need to intervene manually and instruct how to proceed with the merging process. In these cases, git will stop the merge process as it cannot figure out how to merge the changes. ![]() Same file is added twice in two different branches but the content of the file is different. When the same line of code is changed in different ways in two branches.Ī given file is changed in one branch but deleted in another branch. Conflict happens because of the following reasons − In real world, when we merge branches, we will run into conflicts quite often.
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